overview: Time-restricted diets affect gene expression in more than 22 regions of the brain and body. The findings have implications for a range of health disorders for which time-restricted diets may have potential benefits.
sauce: Salk Institute
Practices such as intermittent fasting have become a hot topic in the wellness industry, as numerous studies have shown the health benefits of time-restricted eating, including increased longevity in laboratory studies. increase.
However, how it affects the body at the molecular level and how those changes interact in multiple organ systems are poorly understood.
Salk scientists are now showing in mice how a timed diet affects gene expression in more than 22 regions of the body and brain. Gene expression is the process by which genes are activated and respond to the environment by making proteins.
Findings published in cell metabolism January 3, 2023 A wide range of health conditions where time-restricted diets show potential benefits, including diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and cancer.
“We found that time-restricted diets in mice affect the entire system at the molecular level.
“Our results open the door to explore more closely how this nutritional intervention activates genes involved in specific diseases such as cancer.”
In this study, two groups of mice were fed the same high-calorie diet. One group was given free access to meals. The other group was restricted to eating within a 9-hour food window each day.
After 7 weeks, tissue samples were taken from 22 organ groups and the brain day and night and analyzed for genetic alterations. Samples included tissue from the liver, stomach, lung, heart, adrenal glands, hypothalamus, various parts of the kidney and intestine, and various regions of the brain.
The authors found that 70% of mouse genes respond to time-restricted feeding.
“By altering the timing of our meals, we were able to alter the gene expression of thousands of genes in the brain, as well as in the gut and liver,” says Panda.
Nearly 40% of adrenal, hypothalamic, and pancreatic genes were affected by the time-restricted diet. These organs are important for hormone regulation. Hormones regulate the functioning of different parts of the body and brain, and hormonal imbalances are associated with many diseases, from diabetes to stress disorders. The results provide guidance on how time-restricted diets can help manage these diseases.
Interestingly, not all parts of the digestive tract were affected equally. Genes involved in her two parts of the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) were activated by the time-limited diet, but not the ileum at the lower end of the small intestine.
The findings may open new research avenues to study how work that involves shift work that disrupts your 24-hour body clock (called your circadian rhythm) affects gastrointestinal disease and cancer. . A previous study by the Panda team showed that time-restricted diets improved the health of firefighters who typically worked shifts.
Researchers also found that time-restricted diets regulate the circadian rhythms of multiple organs in the body.
“Circadian rhythms are everywhere in every cell,” says Panda. “We discovered that time-restricted eating synchronized circadian rhythms and produced two major waves: one during fasting and one immediately after eating. We believe that we will be able to adjust the
Panda’s team then delves into the effects of time-restricted diets on the specific conditions or systems involved in the study, such as atherosclerosis, the hardening of the arteries that often precedes heart disease and stroke. Examine you. Also chronic kidney disease.
See also
About this diet and genetics research news
author: press office
sauce: Salk Institute
contact: Press Office – Salk Institute
image: image is public domain
Original research: open access.
“Diurnal transcriptomic landscape of multi-tissue responses to time-restricted feeding in mammals’ Shaunak Deota et al. cell metabolism
overview
Diurnal transcriptomic landscape of multi-tissue responses to time-restricted feeding in mammals
highlight
- 80% of genes are differentially expressed or rhythmic under TRF in at least one tissue
- TRF decreases genes involved in inflammatory signaling and glycerolipid metabolism
- TRF increases genes involved in RNA processing, protein folding and autophagy
- TRF triggers multi-tissue rewiring of BCAA, glucose, and lipid metabolism
overview
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a novel behavioral nutrition intervention involving daily cycles of feeding and fasting. In both animals and humans, TRF has pleiotropic health benefits arising from multiple organ systems, but the molecular basis of TRF-mediated benefits is poorly understood.
Here, mice were exposed to isocaloric freely Western diet feeding (ALF) or TRF was examined to examine changes in gene expression in samples taken from 22 organs and brain regions collected every 2 hours over 24 hours.
We found that TRF has a profound effect on gene expression. Nearly 80% of all genes show differential expression or rhythm under TRF in at least one tissue. Functional annotation of these changes revealed tissue- and pathway-specific effects of TRF.
These findings and resources provide an important foundation for future mechanistic studies and help guide human time-restricted eating (TRE) interventions for treating a variety of medical conditions, with or without pharmacotherapy. increase.
